VII.Share of SMEs in the Japanese Economy

  Share of SMEs in the Japanese Economy

1. Number of Enterprises

IndustriesSMEsLarge EnterprisesTotal
Number
of Enterprises		%
of Total		Number
of Enterprises		%
of Total		Number
of Enterprises		%
of Total
Manufacturing and Others1,562,07199.83,7740.21,565,845100.0
Wholesale293,90399.22,2590.8296,162100.0
Retail1,798,96399.84,4260.21,803,389100.0
Services1,181,82799.73,8810.31,185,708100.0
Total
(Non-Primary Industries)		4,836,76499.714,3400.34,851,104100.0
[ Source ]:Compiled from Ministry of Public Management, Home Affairs, Posts and Telecommunications,
Establishment and Enterprise Census of Japan (1999)
[ Note ]:Number of Enterprises = number of companies ( as defined under SME Basic Law) + number of self-employed

( Reference ) : Number of Establishments and Number of Enterprises

IndustriesSMEsLarge EnterprisesTotal
Number
of Enterprises		%
of Total		Number
of Enterprises		%
of Total		Number
of Enterprises		%
of Total
Number of Establishments6,139,73599.345,0940.76,184,829100.0
Number of Enterprises4,836,76499.714,3400.34,851,104100.0
[ Source ]:Compiled from Ministry of Public Management, Home Affairs, Posts and Telecommunications,
Establishment and Enterprise Census of Japan (1999)

2. Number of Employees

IndustriesSMEsLarge EnterprisesTotal
Number of
Employees		%
of Total		Number of
Employees		%
of Total		Number of
Employees		%
of Total
Manufacturing and Others13,987,60364.97,577,49735.121,565,100100.0
Wholesale2,733,85370.91,120,60829.13,854,461100.0
Retail7,835,16672.23,012,07427.810,847,240100.0
Services6,640,79776.91,997,15323.18,637,950100.0
Total
(Non-Primary Industries)		31,197,41969.513,707,33230.544,904,751100.0
[ Source ]:Compiled from Ministry of Public Management, Home Affairs, Posts and Telecommunications,
Establishment and Enterprise Census of Japan (1999)

3. Sales Amount

IndustriesSMEsLarge EnterprisesTotal
Sales Amount
(Million yen)		%
of Total		Sales Amount
(Million yen)		%
of Total		Sales Amount
(Million yen)		%
of Total
Manufacturing and Others129,529,61737.5216,333,34262.5345,862,959100.0
Wholesale157,703,69942.1216,663,19757.9374,366,896100.0
Retail79,585,27055.763,172,22044.3142,757,490100.0
Total
(Non-Primary Industries)		366,818,58642.5496,168,75957.5862,987,345100.0
[ Source ]:Compiled from Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry & Small and Medium Enterprise Agency, METI,
Basic Survey of Commercial and Manufacturing Structure and Activities (1998)
[ Note ] :SMEs are defined as enterprises capitalized at 300 million yen or less.
(Wholesale: 100 million yen or less / Retail: 50 million yen or less.)
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4. Value of Shipment in Manufacturing

(Unit : 1 billion yen)
Scale 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
SMEs 170,980
(51.9%)		 160,836
(51.7%)		 153,501
(51.3%)		 157,139
(51.3%)		 159,523
(51.0%)		 164,025
(50.8%)		 157,940
(51.6%)		 150,306
(51.6%)
Large Enterprises 158,540
(48.1%)		 150,363
(48.3%)		 145,526
(48.7%)		 148,890
(48.7%)		 153,546
(49.0%)		 159,047
(49.2%)		 147,929
(48.4%)		 140,779
(48.4%)
Total 80,962 224,712 323,373 306,030 313,068 323,072 305,869 291,085
[ Source ]: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Census of Manufactures
[ Note ]: 1) SMEs are defined as establishments employing 4 to 299 employees and Large Enterprises as those employing 300 or more.
2) Preliminary estimates for 1999
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5. Productivity Index (Whole Industry)

  Scale 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Value Added
( billion yen )		 SMEs 154,570
(57.7%)		 154,319
(57.9%)		 157,222
(57.7%)		 158,715
(57.2%)		 147,384
(54.6%)		 152,907
(55.5%)		 153,151
(56.6%)		 148,034
(55.3%)
Large
Enterprises		 113,463
(42.3%)		 112,286
(42.1%)		 115,255
(42.3%)		 118,558
(42.8%)		 122,336
(45.4%)		 122,754
(44.5%)		 117,262
(43.4%)		 119,697
(44.7%)
Productivity of
Value Added
( thousand yen )		 SMEs 5,025 4,890 4,882 4,993 4,840 4,894 4,837 4,602
Large
Enterprises		 9,594 9,337 9,646 10,032 10,287 10,265 9,696 9,831
[ Source ]: Ministry of Finance, Financial Statements Statistics of Corporations by Industry
[ Notes ]: 1) SMEs are defined as establishments capitalized at less than 100 million yen, and Large Enterprises as those capitalized at 100 million yen or over.
2) Productivity of Value Added = Value Added / (no. of employees + no. of directors)
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6. Productivity Index (Manufacturing)

  Scale 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Value Added
( billion yen )		 SMEs 68,682
(56.7%)		 65,107
(56.6%)		 62,771
(55.9%)		 65,113
(55.6%)		 65,894
(55.2%)		 66,745
(55.7%)		 64,239
(56.7%)		 61,514
(57.2%)
Large
Enterprises		 52,454
(43.3%)		 49,868
(43.4%)		 49,578
(44.1%)		 52,091
(44.4%)		 53,410
(44.8%)		 53,128
(44.3%)		 48,997
(43.3%)		 46,108
(42.8%)
Productivity of
Value Added
( thousand yen )		 SMEs
(LE=100)		 8,585
(51.7)		 8,339
(51.5)		 8,434
(50.6)		 8,773
(48.8)		 9,069
(48.2)		 9,335
(49.0)		 9,011
(49.8)		 9,070
(50.9)
Large
Enterprises		 16,614 16,204 16,675 17,973 18,825 19,060 18,093 17,816
[ Source ]: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Census of Manufactures
[ Notes ]: 1) SMEs are defined as establishments employing 4 to 299 employees and Large Enterprises as those employing 300 or more.
2) Productivity of Value Added = Value Added / (no. of employees + no. of directors)
3)Preliminary estimates for 1999
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7. Change in start-up and closure rates

(1) Change in start-up and closure rates [enterprise-based]

(non-primary industries / annual average)

  '75 - '78 '78 - '81 '81 - '86 '86 - '91 '91 - '96 '96 - '99
Start-Up Rate 5.9% 5.9% 4.3% 3.5% 2.7% 3.5%
Closure Rate 3.8% 3.8% 4.0% 4.0% 3.2% 5.6%
[ Source ]: Compiled from Ministry of Public Management, Home Affairs, Posts and Telecommunications,
Establishment and Enterprise Census of Japan (1999)

(2) Change in start-up and closure rates [establishment-based]

(non-primary industries / annual average)

  '75 - '78 '78 - '81 '81 - '86 '86 - '89 '89 - '91 '91 - '94 '94 - '96 '96 - '99
Start-Up Rate 6.2% 6.1% 4.7% 4.2% 4.1% 4.6% 3.7% 4.1%
Closure Rate 3.4% 3.8% 4.0% 3.6% 4.7% 4.7% 3.8% 5.9%
[ Source ]: Compiled from Ministry of Public Management, Home Affairs, Posts and Telecommunications,
Establishment and Enterprise Census of Japan (1999)
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